「台灣古巴後援會籌備中」，第727期通訊，2020年3月19日。
2020年3月19日古巴通訊727期
內容
哈瓦那雪茄節 2月底圓滿結束
(原標題)第22屆哈瓦那雪茄節 月底在古巴盛大開幕
太陽網／David 2020.02.14 14:00
世界知名菸草產地古巴哈瓦那舉辦的第22界哈瓦那雪茄節即將在2月24日盛大登場，來自世界各地、深愛哈瓦那雪茄這種獨一無二的煙草產品的發燒友將會參加今年的節日盛會。盛會超過60個國家參與，包括展銷會、研討會與歡迎晚會等，另外還有雪茄工廠參觀活動。相關雪茄大廠也將在2月28日活動最後一日舉辦聯歡晚會，包括頒獎典禮、雪茄拍賣會等，熱愛雪茄的朋友千萬不能錯過。
這篇文章 第22屆哈瓦那雪茄節 月底在古巴盛大開幕 最早出現於 太陽網。
Venezuela's PDVSA steps up fuel shipments to Cuba as shortages bite
路透社報導，美國加強霸凌古巴，致使古巴石油更短缺。沒想到的是，似乎自身難保的委內瑞拉，近來增加對古巴的石油運送：PDVSA在一月時，已經減少到每日 5.6萬桶，但2月以來增加至 17.3萬桶。
俄海軍總司令訪問古巴 俄媒指或在古巴建核潛艇基地2020/2/18
香港中通社2月18日電 “俄羅斯可能在古巴建立海軍核潛艇基地”，俄《獨立報》17日以此為題稱，俄海軍總司令葉夫梅諾夫16日啟程，開始對古巴進行為期6天的工作訪問。
據《環球時報》報道，葉夫梅諾夫將參觀古巴海軍設施和部隊。專家認為，俄海軍總司令此訪將幫助古巴建設海軍，完善其海軍基地設施。俄羅斯軍艦和潛艇未來可能駛入古巴基地進行補給和休整。去年10月，時任俄總理梅德韋傑夫在訪問古巴後曾暗示，俄羅斯可能考慮重開此前在古巴關閉的俄羅斯基地。俄駐古大使古斯科夫日前表示，莫斯科已準備考慮古巴為加強該國國防能力而提出的建議，莫斯科準備向哈瓦那提供超過10億歐元的貸款，用於經濟和軍事項目。
俄羅斯Avia.pro網報道稱，俄羅斯專家認為，葉夫梅諾夫訪問古巴是莫斯科對華盛頓退出《中導條約》的回應。俄羅斯計劃在美國沿海地區部署已成功進行測試的“鋯石”高超音速導彈。目前，古巴對俄羅斯來說具有重要意義。有關俄計劃在古巴部署巡航導彈和防空反導系統的消息曾多次出現，但都沒有得到俄國防部的正式確認。在俄羅斯海軍總司令訪問古巴的背景下，也有人建議俄羅斯與古巴一起在美國沿海進行大規模軍事演習。
《獨立報》稱，去年7月，以俄“戈爾什科夫海軍上將”號護衛艦為首的海軍編隊對哈瓦那港進行了訪問。對此，美國海軍高官表示，美國東海岸不再被視為沒有威脅的地區了。俄羅斯最新型的“亞森-M”級和“北風之神-A”級核潛艇正在逐步裝備俄海軍，它們將配備俄最新型的導彈。俄羅斯海軍在加勒比海的積極活動讓五角大樓越來越感到不安。（完）
據《環球時報》報道，葉夫梅諾夫將參觀古巴海軍設施和部隊。專家認為，俄海軍總司令此訪將幫助古巴建設海軍，完善其海軍基地設施。俄羅斯軍艦和潛艇未來可能駛入古巴基地進行補給和休整。去年10月，時任俄總理梅德韋傑夫在訪問古巴後曾暗示，俄羅斯可能考慮重開此前在古巴關閉的俄羅斯基地。俄駐古大使古斯科夫日前表示，莫斯科已準備考慮古巴為加強該國國防能力而提出的建議，莫斯科準備向哈瓦那提供超過10億歐元的貸款，用於經濟和軍事項目。
俄羅斯Avia.pro網報道稱，俄羅斯專家認為，葉夫梅諾夫訪問古巴是莫斯科對華盛頓退出《中導條約》的回應。俄羅斯計劃在美國沿海地區部署已成功進行測試的“鋯石”高超音速導彈。目前，古巴對俄羅斯來說具有重要意義。有關俄計劃在古巴部署巡航導彈和防空反導系統的消息曾多次出現，但都沒有得到俄國防部的正式確認。在俄羅斯海軍總司令訪問古巴的背景下，也有人建議俄羅斯與古巴一起在美國沿海進行大規模軍事演習。
《獨立報》稱，去年7月，以俄“戈爾什科夫海軍上將”號護衛艦為首的海軍編隊對哈瓦那港進行了訪問。對此，美國海軍高官表示，美國東海岸不再被視為沒有威脅的地區了。俄羅斯最新型的“亞森-M”級和“北風之神-A”級核潛艇正在逐步裝備俄海軍，它們將配備俄最新型的導彈。俄羅斯海軍在加勒比海的積極活動讓五角大樓越來越感到不安。（完）
美國霸凌 古巴財務困窘 債務違約陰影出現2020-02-23
（原標題）美國制裁下古巴財務困窘 籠罩債務違約陰影2020-02-23 22:56 中央社
哈瓦那23日綜合外電報導
在古巴的外國企業正面臨收不到錢，古巴的債權國也被告知要有耐心。因為在美國制裁壓力下，古巴出現償債困難，情況引發各債權國嚴重擔憂。
古巴2015年曾透過全球富國組成的「巴黎俱樂部」（Paris Club）和14個國家協商債務重組，但去年古巴便未按時償還其中6國債務，分別是奧地利、比利時、英國、法國、日本和西班牙。
一名外交消息人士告訴法新社，位在加勒比海的古巴積欠這些國家3200萬到3300萬美元（約新台幣9億6000萬至9億9000萬元）逾期債務，今年共須償還這6國8200萬美元（約新台幣24億6000萬元）。若古巴屆時還不出來，將面臨高達9%的利息。
面對如此嚴重問題，古巴副總理凱布瑞薩斯（Ricardo Cabrisas）嘗試安撫各國。根據法新社見到凱布瑞薩斯致函巴黎俱樂部主席芮諾-巴索（Odile Renaud-Basso）的一封信件，他承諾古巴會在5月底前還清逾期債務。
一名外國大使說：「他們必須提出明確的（還款）日期。」顯示古巴的債權國普遍感到焦慮。不過這名外交官也承認，古巴政府「正遭遇難關。他們沒有現金」。
數名受訪的大使對於古巴已創下逾期未償債的「先例」表示擔憂。一位歐洲大使就說：「他們說會還款，但根本沒有計畫。他們缺乏信用。」
另一名大使則透露，他們「年初見到凱布瑞薩斯時」，他「語帶失敗主義」。但當時凱布瑞薩斯告訴債權國，古巴真的不想像1986年那樣債務違約。當時古巴暫停償還債務。
（編輯小組補充）Cuba fails to make payment in key debt accord, sources say
古巴在2015年與14個富裕國協定，將其111億美元債務豁免85億，因此至2019，古巴在2033年前得償付14國26億美元。2015以來古巴都忠實履約，但去年卻爽約，古巴債務協商人 Ricardo Cabrisas在2020/1於巴黎說，這是因美國霸凌/制裁所致。在古巴的外國企業正面臨收不到錢，古巴的債權國也被告知要有耐心。因為在美國制裁壓力下，古巴出現償債困難，情況引發各債權國嚴重擔憂。
古巴2015年曾透過全球富國組成的「巴黎俱樂部」（Paris Club）和14個國家協商債務重組，但去年古巴便未按時償還其中6國債務，分別是奧地利、比利時、英國、法國、日本和西班牙。
一名外交消息人士告訴法新社，位在加勒比海的古巴積欠這些國家3200萬到3300萬美元（約新台幣9億6000萬至9億9000萬元）逾期債務，今年共須償還這6國8200萬美元（約新台幣24億6000萬元）。若古巴屆時還不出來，將面臨高達9%的利息。
面對如此嚴重問題，古巴副總理凱布瑞薩斯（Ricardo Cabrisas）嘗試安撫各國。根據法新社見到凱布瑞薩斯致函巴黎俱樂部主席芮諾-巴索（Odile Renaud-Basso）的一封信件，他承諾古巴會在5月底前還清逾期債務。
一名外國大使說：「他們必須提出明確的（還款）日期。」顯示古巴的債權國普遍感到焦慮。不過這名外交官也承認，古巴政府「正遭遇難關。他們沒有現金」。
數名受訪的大使對於古巴已創下逾期未償債的「先例」表示擔憂。一位歐洲大使就說：「他們說會還款，但根本沒有計畫。他們缺乏信用。」
另一名大使則透露，他們「年初見到凱布瑞薩斯時」，他「語帶失敗主義」。但當時凱布瑞薩斯告訴債權國，古巴真的不想像1986年那樣債務違約。當時古巴暫停償還債務。
（編輯小組補充）Cuba fails to make payment in key debt accord, sources say
古巴雪茄生產商期待擴大中國市場2020/2/25
北京新浪網 (2020-02-25 13:42)
第22屆古巴國際雪茄節24日在哈瓦那開幕。活動主辦方古巴哈瓦那煙草公司表示，公司正與中國同行合作，期待擴大古巴雪茄在中國市場的銷量。哈瓦那煙草公司當天在新聞發佈會上發佈的業績顯示，2019年公司全球銷售額達5.31億美元，較2018年穩步增長。中國連續第二年成為古巴雪茄第二大銷售市場，僅次於西班牙。（新華社）
古巴國營餐飲業停止接受可兌換比索2020/2/29
新華社哈瓦那2月29日電（記者朱婉君）古巴國內貿易部2月29日發佈公告說，即日起不再允許國營餐飲業接受可兌換比索，只允許收取比索。此舉被視為古巴逐步取消可兌換比索，改變現存雙軌制貨幣政策，從而推動貨幣統一進程的重要一步。
公告還說，今後這一新舉措的適用範圍將逐步擴大至其他大型國有企業。
目前，古巴流通比索和可兌換比索兩種本國法定貨幣，1可兌換比索可兌換約24比索。此前，這兩種貨幣均可在古巴國營餐廳和咖啡館等地使用。
可兌換比索也被稱作新比索，誕生於1994年，是古巴經濟改革的產物。自那時起，古巴一直實行雙軌制貨幣和匯率體系。
近年來，古巴政府有意推動貨幣改革，但因其對古巴經濟和民生產生巨大影響而進展緩慢。去年12月，古巴國家主席迪亞斯-卡內爾表示，古巴亟需解決貨幣雙軌制問題。
數百古巴難民欲越境 海關封閉美墨邊境橋樑2020/3/1
https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/amenews/20200301/bkn-20200301180615375-0301_00972_001.html
中美洲難民問題難解。（Getty Images圖片）
美國大選將至，總統特朗普自上任以來矢言解決的中美洲難民危機仍未止息。特朗普政府早前下令，申請庇護的難民需待申請獲批後方得入境，令大量難民滯留於墨西哥的邊境城鎮。美國上訴法庭日前推翻該條法令，數以萬計難民聞訊即時湧至越境，美國海關上周五（2月28日）宣布，即時關閉連接美墨的橋樑。
在特朗普政府的《移民保護公約（MPP）》下，約有6萬名入境美國的中美洲移民滯留墨西哥邊境城鎮；惟該地區治安不靖，不少難民被迫生活於綁架、強姦、打劫等罪案危機中，居住環境亦惡劣。美國上訴法庭推翻MPP後，大量來自古巴難民即時湧到連接墨西哥奇瓦瓦州華雷斯及美國德州埃爾帕索的邊境橋樑。
美國海關及邊防局（CBP）的警員見狀已即時戴上防暴裝備戒備；惟有難民卻堅決過橋︰「我在華雷斯等了10個月，所以我不在乎我要等多久才能獲放行過橋。」CBP其後宣布關橋，而其餘關口則不受影響。不過，有關MPP的發落由於已被轉交最高法院處理，推翻MPP的決定亦被叫停；意味着試圖越境的難民的希望又再熄滅。
特寫：古巴優質手卷雪茄誕生記——訪古巴最大雪茄廠2020-03-02
14:32:08 來源： 新華網
2月27日，在古巴哈瓦那的拉科羅納雪茄廠，一名工人對雪茄進行質量檢查。新華社發（華金·埃爾南德斯攝）
新華社記者朱婉君
伴著播報員的朗讀聲，位于古巴哈瓦那市中心的拉科羅納雪茄廠內的工人們正有條不紊地卷制雪茄。
專人讀書讀報是古巴雪茄煙廠的“標配”，為長時間工作的卷煙工帶來娛樂。如今雖有廣播、電視，但許多雪茄煙廠依舊保留人工播報的傳統，就像卷煙工用手中的半圓形切煙刀拍打桌板的方式來代替鼓掌一樣，成為古巴雪茄文化的一部分。
雪茄是古巴的“名片”，古巴雪茄以用料講究、做工精細享譽世界。拉科羅納是古巴最大的雪茄廠，這裏的300多名工人每天工作8小時、手工卷制2.6萬至3萬枚不同品牌、不同型號的雪茄。
古巴正值雪茄煙葉豐收季，拉科羅納雪茄廠將從西部比那爾德裏奧省和阿特米薩省雪茄種植園運來的已經晾曬、發酵的煙葉按需劃分、篩選、卷制，並通過嚴格的長短、粗細、松緊等質量檢查，最終貼上煙標、包裝成盒，整個過程至少需要經過5道工序。
67歲的卷煙工何塞·米格爾·阿爾瓦雷斯已有30多年“卷煙齡”。出生于煙農之家的他和妻子、兒子、孫女、侄子一起在拉科羅納雪茄廠工作。“我希望我3個曾孫中也能有一個成為卷煙工。” 阿爾瓦雷斯説。他告訴記者，拉科羅納的卷煙工一般需要學習9個月的課程，雖有教學，但古巴雪茄更講究傳統傳承，許多家庭都有多人從事種煙、制煙，憑借雙眼和雙手常年累積經驗。
2月27日，在古巴哈瓦那的拉科羅納雪茄廠，一名工人挑選卷制雪茄的煙葉。 新華社發（華金·埃爾南德斯攝）
“我們卷煙時不僅用技巧，更投入了熱愛雪茄文化的情感。”在阿爾瓦雷斯看來，這是手工卷煙與機器卷煙最大的區別，也是古巴雪茄質量出眾的一大奧秘。
阿爾瓦雷斯介紹，1959年古巴革命勝利之前，雪茄煙廠幾乎見不到女性身影，革命勝利後，古巴推行性別平等，許多雪茄煙廠開始招收女工。
“我母親幾年前從這裏退休，我想我也會在這裏幹到退休吧。”已在拉科羅納雪茄廠工作了20年的女工涅韋絲·桑塔娜一邊熟練地挑選著用來卷制雪茄最外層的茄衣一邊説道。
古巴歷史學家歐塞維奧·萊亞爾認為，從意大利航海家克裏斯托弗·哥倫布首次提及雪茄至今，雪茄已成為古巴生産工藝的傑出代表，也成為古巴人創造藝術之美的典范。
雪茄是古巴傳統出口商品，是該國重要創匯來源之一。在2月舉行的第22屆古巴國際雪茄節上，主辦方古巴哈瓦那煙草公司公布的數據顯示，2019年中國已連續第二年成為古巴雪茄第二大銷售市場，僅次于西班牙。
【旅行自拍棒－－我與李崗同行】施昇輝／一路耍心機的古巴之旅2020-03-04
聯合報 / 施昇輝電影
李崗（左）、作者與切格瓦拉銅像合照。照片提供／施昇輝
哈瓦那大教堂。照片提供／施昇輝
去年九月，正在上課之際，臉書私訊響起，打開一看，是院長朱全斌傳來：「你要參加古巴團嗎？哲青的太太急著找你。事情有點急，請你今晚務必回電。」我「立刻」走出教室，與哲青的太太聯絡，表達我和老婆都很開心有機會能參加這個團，而且連詳細的行程都沒問，就答應隔天去付訂金。
我之所以用「立刻」兩字，理由有三。一是院長交代，哪敢不趕快處理？是不想畢業了嗎？二是老婆的偶像謝哲青帶團，機會難得，當然不能錯過；三是同團大咖雲集，除了哲青、全斌哥，還有李偉文、李崗，能一起出國玩，真是三生有幸啊！前三位都已經是熟朋友了，李崗就成了此行交朋友的「新獵物」。
我當然認識李崗，但他並不認識我。我對他的印象就是「他是某某人的弟弟」，然後看過他監製的兩部電影《阿罩霧風雲》和《尋找1920》，如此而已，其他只能靠Google了。在機場集合時，我像個小影迷一樣，靦腆地和他簡單打個招呼，然後就沒下文了，倒是在飛航途中，與他的太太「崗嫂」有較多聊天的機會。
這位團員口中的「崗哥」，不講話時正氣凜然像張自忠，開口講話時才變得妙語如珠像張小燕。我剛開始和他講話，真的是畢恭畢敬、人五人六，後來熟了，就嘻皮笑臉、不三不四了。
我得在此向他表白，想認識他當然是有目的。當時，我完成了我人生的第一個電影劇本，在回國後，就要送去參加當年「優良電影劇本獎」的徵選，因此我特別把其中的「劇情大綱」和「人物簡介」列印出來，想趁同行之便，請他過目指教。過了兩三天，和他廝混較熟之後，我再次靦腆地把這幾張A4紙交給了他。我想他心中的O.S.一定是「原來這小子這麼有心機」。
我也不敢奢望他真的會看，好在古巴行程不是海明威故居、切格瓦拉銅像，就是喝Mojito、抽雪茄、聽爵士樂，體力上倒也不算辛苦，所以他還真的看了，也給了我寶貴的建議。我當然先表達了我的謝意，但還是老實跟他說：「沒時間改了，萬一這次沒得獎，下次再照你的建議重寫。」他聽完，應該是臉上三條線，心中的O.S.則改成「算這小子命好，如果他是我的學生，我非把他當掉不可。還『萬一沒得獎』呢」！
我贏了面子，他贏了裡子
在千里達海邊度假村中，我應該又說了一句話，讓他氣得牙癢癢的。這位被電影界耽誤的運動健將，既是籃球校隊，又是游泳好手，到了海邊，當然要大展浪裡白條的美技（肌）。上岸後，他說自己像「出水芙蓉」，我卻說：「應該是『浮筒』的『浮』吧？」他後來跟崗嫂抱怨我笑他是「出水浮筒」。天地良心啊！我只是說「浮筒」的「浮」。
他是我此行交朋友的「新獵物」
去年九月，正在上課之際，臉書私訊響起，打開一看，是院長朱全斌傳來：「你要參加古巴團嗎？哲青的太太急著找你。事情有點急，請你今晚務必回電。」我「立刻」走出教室，與哲青的太太聯絡，表達我和老婆都很開心有機會能參加這個團，而且連詳細的行程都沒問，就答應隔天去付訂金。
我之所以用「立刻」兩字，理由有三。一是院長交代，哪敢不趕快處理？是不想畢業了嗎？二是老婆的偶像謝哲青帶團，機會難得，當然不能錯過；三是同團大咖雲集，除了哲青、全斌哥，還有李偉文、李崗，能一起出國玩，真是三生有幸啊！前三位都已經是熟朋友了，李崗就成了此行交朋友的「新獵物」。
我當然認識李崗，但他並不認識我。我對他的印象就是「他是某某人的弟弟」，然後看過他監製的兩部電影《阿罩霧風雲》和《尋找1920》，如此而已，其他只能靠Google了。在機場集合時，我像個小影迷一樣，靦腆地和他簡單打個招呼，然後就沒下文了，倒是在飛航途中，與他的太太「崗嫂」有較多聊天的機會。
這位團員口中的「崗哥」，不講話時正氣凜然像張自忠，開口講話時才變得妙語如珠像張小燕。我剛開始和他講話，真的是畢恭畢敬、人五人六，後來熟了，就嘻皮笑臉、不三不四了。
我得在此向他表白，想認識他當然是有目的。當時，我完成了我人生的第一個電影劇本，在回國後，就要送去參加當年「優良電影劇本獎」的徵選，因此我特別把其中的「劇情大綱」和「人物簡介」列印出來，想趁同行之便，請他過目指教。過了兩三天，和他廝混較熟之後，我再次靦腆地把這幾張A4紙交給了他。我想他心中的O.S.一定是「原來這小子這麼有心機」。
我也不敢奢望他真的會看，好在古巴行程不是海明威故居、切格瓦拉銅像，就是喝Mojito、抽雪茄、聽爵士樂，體力上倒也不算辛苦，所以他還真的看了，也給了我寶貴的建議。我當然先表達了我的謝意，但還是老實跟他說：「沒時間改了，萬一這次沒得獎，下次再照你的建議重寫。」他聽完，應該是臉上三條線，心中的O.S.則改成「算這小子命好，如果他是我的學生，我非把他當掉不可。還『萬一沒得獎』呢」！
我贏了面子，他贏了裡子
在千里達海邊度假村中，我應該又說了一句話，讓他氣得牙癢癢的。這位被電影界耽誤的運動健將，既是籃球校隊，又是游泳好手，到了海邊，當然要大展浪裡白條的美技（肌）。上岸後，他說自己像「出水芙蓉」，我卻說：「應該是『浮筒』的『浮』吧？」他後來跟崗嫂抱怨我笑他是「出水浮筒」。天地良心啊！我只是說「浮筒」的「浮」。
千里達度假村。照片提供／施昇輝
他肯定想「君子報仇，三年不晚」，後來，我們兩人在加勒比海的遊艇上，看到女團員們個個身材健美曼妙，不知怎地聊起了「潘金蓮」。這時，他終於逮到機會報仇。他先稱我是「大哥」，我正在沾沾自喜時，他說他是景陽「崗」上的打虎英雄武松，我這才恍然大悟，原來他叫我大哥，是把我當成武大郎啦！這真是我贏了面子（我是大哥），他贏了裡子（他是武松），應該也算是一種「雙贏」吧？
後面幾天的旅程，他都叫我「大哥」，聽在其他團員心中，肯定說我不知好歹。明明崗哥就比我年長，我還厚顏無恥地讓他叫我大哥，但我真的是「啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出」啊！只有崗嫂知道內情，還替我求情，叫老公別再把我當武大郎了。我對崗嫂說：「沒關係，我和崗哥正在發展一個搞笑版的『武大狼和武鬆』的劇本，或許將來還真有可能拍成電影呢！」
最後，我要向同行的另外三位暢銷作家朱全斌、李偉文和謝哲青（按姓氏筆畫序）致歉，這篇文章都有沒提到各位，因為在我的心中，古巴只有李崗，沒有海明威！（崗哥，這樣寫，你不會生氣了吧？）
https://havanatimes.org/features/pornography-and-the-internet-its-impact-on-cuban-society/
Pornography and the Internet: Its Impact on Cuban Society
February 23, 2020
By Zona Binaria
In Cuba, the increase in internet access has meant a parallel increase in the consumption of pornography. It still remains far from topping the list of countries with the highest data traffic within the statistics of the Pornhub platform.
However, reports from the site itself, reveal that the increase in Cuba’s participation in the web during the last 5 years has been overwhelming; appearing as one of the leaders in internet surfing growth from cell phones – according to data from 2016. The increase in mobile traffic to Pornhub amongst Cuban users was 310%.
The explanation of this phenomenon became evident since the implementation and increase of Wi-Fi points in the country as of 2013, the reduction in navigation rates in 2015 and the enablement of access through mobile data in December 2018. Therefore, the consumption of pornography in Cuba is under new conditions caused by increased internet access.
To undertake this article, 20 young Cubans were surveyed – aged between 20 and 35 years. 15% confessed to consume online pornography, arguing that the facilities had arisen in the face of greater internet access within recent years. 55% admitted having downloaded pornographic videos from websites such as Bingoporno, Miporno and of course – Pornhub.
What motivates a Cuban to use the Internet to consume porn (at its still relatively expensive price) when the distribution by USBs still works effectively? The possibility of choosing content within greater diversity – was one of the responses of the respondents.
Telegram and its XXX channels
When the cost of Internet browsing is as high as it is in our country, any tool that promises to speed up the process and optimize our search is a treasure. Telegram, the application developed by the Dúrov brothers – launched in 2013, provides the user with a huge amount of multimedia content in the most automatic way possible.
In 2015, the application incorporated the “channels” service. Through this option it is possible to send all types of files on a massive scale; allowing users to subscribe in an open and unlimited way. These channels can be found on the web via a URL – being able to access the entire history of sent messages.
Hundreds of institutions and individuals currently use this route to disseminate their contents, and of course the proliferation of XXX channels was notoriously fruitful.
At the end of the year 2019 there were hundreds of Telegram channels where pornographic content was shared. By subscribing to one of these channels – The Bots – the virtual assistants of Telegram, a board of options is shown with the most diverse sexual content.
In this way, the user can select the variety of his or her preference, and the bot redirects him or her to the videos of that category. This process saves the user considerable navigation time trying to find and select the specific content that they are looking for.
Some of these sites are very active; publishing dozens of daily videos and with several thousand subscribers. There are also channels specializing in home or amateur videos; the category that tops the list of preferences, according to Pornhub statistics.
Of the young people surveyed, 25% admitted to subscribing to an XXX channel on Telegram.
Is pornography morally acceptable?
What is understood as pornography is conditioned by the subjectivities of each person with respect to sex. But the conception is – almost always, of a video or photograph showing sexual intercourse or an explicit sexual act. This explicitness is what the user, spectator, consumer – expects. What the industry has created as an expectation, and what differentiates a pornographic material from an erotic one.
The human being is, in general, highly sensitive to visual stimuli, the inclination to observe sexual scenes is an innate characteristic. The areas of the brain that are activated when watching pornography are the same that are stimulated during sexual intercourse, the brain releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter mainly associated with the anticipation of reward that also acts in the programming of memories and of information in the brain.
This means that when the body wants, for example, food or sex, the brain remembers what it must do to get the same pleasure as on previous occasions. This, combined with the accessibility and anonymity provided by the consumption of porn, makes us extremely sensitive subjects to its hyper stimulant effects.
There are conflicting opinions about the morality of pornography; a sector of society condemns it for its commercial nature and because it can trigger an addictive and therefore harmful vice for the individual.
However, a current train of thought considers it an art form, in order to show the beauty of human sexuality. Some defend this precept by arguing that it is a form of freedom, and that it is fundamental to the evolution of a society free from prejudices and taboos.
All of the 20 young people surveyed, confessed to having accessed pornography, 55% of them being women, thus demonstrating that females, who historically represent a smaller percentage, are also consumers of this industry. However, there are few those who dare to admit it – as they remain subjugated to the social prejudices of yesteryear.
The survey also revealed that 70% had made homemade pornographic videos with their partners, 50% had maintained telephone sex, via instant messaging or video calls, and another 35% admitted that they would like to try this practice. The opinions in general of the young people with whom I had the opportunity to spend time with, were of support and acceptance to the porn industry – 95% of them said that they considered it morally acceptable.
However, all agreed on the danger of excess. The scenes that can be seen in porn, as with addictive substances, are hyper stimulant triggers that produce an unnatural secretion of high levels of dopamine, which can deteriorate the reward system of dopamine and render it useless in the face of a natural pleasure source.
Psychiatrist Norman Doidge explains it this way:
“Pornography satisfies each of the prerequisites for neuroplastic change. When pornographers boast that they are going one step further by introducing new and stronger themes, they forget that they must do so because their clients are developing a tolerance to the usual content.”
The data collected by Pornhub reveals that conventional sex is less and less interesting for consumers, who replace it with themes such as incest or violence. The perpetuation of sexual violence is especially worrisome, as it could directly influence the statistics of violent episodes in real life.
What is the position of the Cuban state in the face of the increase in porn consumption in our country?
The current Law no. 62 of the Criminal Code of Cuba (Art. 303, subsection C), penalizes with a penalty of deprivation of liberty ranging from three months to one year, or a fine of 100 to 300 installments to he who “produces or circulates publications, prints, film tapes or tape, recordings, photographs or other objects that are obscene, with a tendency to pervert and degrade customs. ”
What are those objects? What is considered obscene? What can pervert and degrade customs? Which customs? As much as the State tries to keep Cubans outside of the “obscenities” considered improper in the socialist system, the ports of entry always mocked them. If not, how did Playboy magazines and graphic-erotic novels enter the country? And the “original” movies on VHS, with their covers illustrated in colors?
The USB distribution – copying content on external discs – revolutionized the modalities of audiovisual consumption in Cuba. Thus, resulting in the first channel for the “virilization” of content on the Island. Porn, was not left out.
So how could the government control the consumption of porn over the Internet? What mechanisms does one adopt in restricting access to pornographic content for children and adolescents?
Although many have insisted on showing a “neat” image of Cuba in that sense, the consumption of pornography among adolescents is a reality, even within educational centers. In the surveys carried out, 65% confessed to having consumed pornography before the age of 15, and 15% of them admitted to having started watching porn merely out of curiosity.
The most alarming of these figures is that if we take into account that we are talking about the 90s and the beginning of the 2000s, when the access and distribution of pornography was negligible compared to the current levels, it can be speculated that the percentages are much higher in children and adolescents today.
There is, at least not legally or publicly registered, any mechanism for the Cuban telecommunications company – ETECSA, to regulate the consumption of pornography – especially the consumption among minors.
These mechanisms could be aimed at identifying the mobile devices of children and adolescents to restrict access to this type of material, create alert generation systems before the attempt to access these devices, by sending notifications to parents, encouraging the use of parental control tools.
These actions could be considered duties of the company with respect to consumption via the Internet. The rest would be the responsibility of families and school institutions, although controlling all distribution channels among minors is practically impossible, especially when there are very popular alternative channels in Cuba, such as Zapya, a mobile application for wireless file sharing, or the USB copy.
The scenario demands to modernize the regulations. It is absurd that the production and distribution of pornographic material is penalized or that its exhibition in theaters is censored and its entry intended to be controlled from abroad, when the Internet remains an open and increasingly popular channel in Cuba, as in the rest of the world, for all those activities.
It’s necessary to admit that the consumption of pornography in Cuba is a fact; open your eyes to the reality of what has been going on for decades and that it is gaining more strength in the face of the internet’s rise and access in our country.
Instead of masking the truths and trying to avoid the tarnishing of this false image of ‘the preservers of good manners and morality’, it is imperative to adapt regulations and laws so that they themselves may adapt to the times we are living in, and thus work so that the explosion of multimedia does not foment crime or especially affect children and adolescents – the most vulnerable to all these changes.
Zenith以浪漫風格重新演繹歷久彌新的Elite系列月相腕錶，與Habanos合作推出羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄月相限量對錶。價格未定。（Zenith提供）
〔記者方惠宗／台北報導〕瑞士高級製錶商Zenith（真力時）與古巴著名雪茄製造商Habanos（哈伯納斯）共同揭開雙方最新合作的「羅密歐與茱麗葉特別版腕錶」，透過全新情侶對錶彰顯Elite系列的雋永之美，以及「羅密歐與茱麗葉精品雪茄」（Romeo Y Julieta）的迷人魅力，同時紀念羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄品牌成立145週年，全球限量發售145對。
Zenith Elite系列月相腕錶茱麗葉腕錶。（Zenith提供）
成立於1875年的「羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄」是世界上久負盛名的古巴雪茄之一，為Habanos所屬品牌。Zenith今年為Elite系列迎來全新樣式的錶殼與錶盤，首先就以「羅密歐與茱麗葉」迎來見證。「羅密歐」腕錶採40.5毫米直徑精鋼錶殼與深藍色太陽紋錶盤，「茱麗葉」腕錶則選用36毫米直徑精鋼錶殼、搭配紅色漸變錶盤，並於錶圈鑲嵌75顆鑽石。月相顯示亦別具匠心，將羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄盒上的印記頭像細緻地鐫刻在兩個銀色的月亮上，生動描繪一對愛人在夜幕下對愛情的永恆追逐。錶盤設計上，Zenith不再採用傳統的拱形鏤空顯示月相，而是改用兩個圓形開口，以保持錶盤太陽紋飾的完整。兩者均搭配與錶盤顏色相稱的鱷魚皮錶帶，並將以特製套盒包裝。
Zenith Elite系列羅密歐腕錶。（Zenith提供）
Zenith近年與Habanos旗下品牌有過多次合作，包括2016至2018年與高級煙草品牌Cohiba共同打造紀念腕錶，以及2019年、Trinidad雪茄成立50週年之際，Zenith當時打造3只各限量50只的Trinidad主題錶款，為Habanos的收藏家們帶來驚喜。
牙買加防堵武漢肺炎 要找百名古巴護士幫忙2020/3/14
新聞引據：路透社/撰稿編輯：吳寧康
牙買加總理霍尼斯(Andrew Holness)。(圖：Andrew Holness推特)
牙買加總理霍尼斯(Andrew Holness)13日宣佈，由於冠狀病毒感染的威脅，宣佈牙買加為災區，並且尋求100名古巴護士來協助因應。
霍尼斯在推特發文說，牙買加正竭盡全力試圖遏制這種病毒的擴散，他並將對來自英國的旅客實施旅遊禁令。
俗稱武漢肺炎的COVID-19(2019年冠狀病毒疾病)疫情持續在全球擴散，牙買加截至目前通報了8起確診病例。
牙買加政府最新公佈的對抗疫情措施，包括把這個島國的部份地區列為檢疫隔離區，並且招募退休的醫療專業人員。
古巴「神奇藥品」 攻克肺炎之鑰？2020-03-19 聯合報A12
一月底，中國大陸選擇了卅種藥品，運用於診治COVID-19肺炎的療程。最近，《經濟學人》列出五種業已測試的藥品，指其具有潛力治療該肺炎。在這兩組藥單中，都有古巴的「a2b干擾素」（下稱a2b）。
在大多數發展中國家尚未進入之前，古巴已在一九八一年籌設跨學科的生物專業論壇，僅比舉世第一家生物科技企業（舊金山的Genetech）晚了兩年。當時，適巧兩件事情併發。
一是登革熱在一九八○年底開始零星在古巴中部、西部與東部出現，次年五月官方確認流行，至十月最後病例之前，共有卅四萬四千多人感染，高峰時一日增加一萬一千個病例，前後致死一八○人。二是古巴自己的努力與幸運。一九八一年三月，六位古巴人前往擁有a2b相關技術的芬蘭學習，該國醫師拒絕申請其技術專利，執意開放給古巴人在內的所有人使用。這些古巴人僅在千湖國取經十二日，返國四十五天後，成功自行提煉出a2b，醫學界稱之為「神奇藥品」，不但成功治療，且在廣泛預防接種下，登革熱從此再沒有在島國流行，堪稱加勒比海地區的模範。
登革熱外，a2b的療效在對B與C型肝炎、帶狀皰疹及HIV-AIDS等疾病，也都已經得到肯定。二○○三年中古兩國合資成立長春海伯爾生技公司後，已在二○○八年推出a2b注射液，且很快得到認可，「口碑極高」。 如今，醫界認為a2b對於類似COVID-19的病毒治療，應該有效，可以阻止病情惡化與致死的併發症。
當年的神奇之藥a2b，這次是否能夠再次神奇，還待分曉。不過，除了近鄰牙買加商請古巴來幫忙 ，也有不少拉丁美洲國家如巴拿馬、委內瑞拉、智利等向古巴進口該項產品；甚至，對哈瓦那很不友善、去年等於是驅離古巴醫生的巴西，也因疫情轉惡而要請古巴派遣醫生。更遠的南韓與德國，也都已使用a2b，在其八千多與九千多病患中，死亡人數相對較低，分別是八十四與廿六人。
古巴也派遣一組醫護人員，協同大陸專家前往幫助義大利；英國郵輪布雷默號在吃了多國閉門羹後，最後由古巴接納停靠其港口，有一千多乘客，含四十五位確診或需隔離的人。（郵輪上乘客Steve Dale的推文說，「我們應該記住古巴為我們所做的一切，在這些大英國協國家或保護國沒有一人願意提供任何協助時，古巴伸出了援手。」）（馮建三／政大新聞系教授/台北市）
他肯定想「君子報仇，三年不晚」，後來，我們兩人在加勒比海的遊艇上，看到女團員們個個身材健美曼妙，不知怎地聊起了「潘金蓮」。這時，他終於逮到機會報仇。他先稱我是「大哥」，我正在沾沾自喜時，他說他是景陽「崗」上的打虎英雄武松，我這才恍然大悟，原來他叫我大哥，是把我當成武大郎啦！這真是我贏了面子（我是大哥），他贏了裡子（他是武松），應該也算是一種「雙贏」吧？
後面幾天的旅程，他都叫我「大哥」，聽在其他團員心中，肯定說我不知好歹。明明崗哥就比我年長，我還厚顏無恥地讓他叫我大哥，但我真的是「啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出」啊！只有崗嫂知道內情，還替我求情，叫老公別再把我當武大郎了。我對崗嫂說：「沒關係，我和崗哥正在發展一個搞笑版的『武大狼和武鬆』的劇本，或許將來還真有可能拍成電影呢！」
最後，我要向同行的另外三位暢銷作家朱全斌、李偉文和謝哲青（按姓氏筆畫序）致歉，這篇文章都有沒提到各位，因為在我的心中，古巴只有李崗，沒有海明威！（崗哥，這樣寫，你不會生氣了吧？）
https://havanatimes.org/features/pornography-and-the-internet-its-impact-on-cuban-society/
Pornography and the Internet: Its Impact on Cuban Society
February 23, 2020
By Zona Binaria
HAVANA TIMES
– Pornography and erotic representations date back to the oldest times of humanity. Since the Paleolithic era, primitive tribes had already established a totemic cult centered towards procreation, the womb and the phallic cult.
Based on these ancient cults, it is assumed that paleolithic figures of Venus, such as the Willendorf Venus, evoked human admiration for the genitals, motherhood, fertility and eroticism, through breasts and buttocks of exaggerated proportions – with a possible intention to represent pornography.
In Indian culture, especially within philosophies such as that of the Tantra, it was understood that sex was a part of human divinity and at times represented a path towards spiritual enlightenment. The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana (400-200 BC) is the epitome of sexuality in Ancient India.
The classical societies of Ancient Greece and the Ancient Roman Empire adopted human sexuality as the basis of artistic expression. The representation of sexual scenes was common in these civilizations; one example being the details in the frescoes of the suburban baths of Pompeii, where scenes with sexually explicit acts are appreciated – including the representations of group sex, homosexual and oral sex.
The modern concept of pornography is defined by the massive commercialization of erotic material, thus abandoning its artistic character and increasing its distribution via mass production, thereby gaining a greater presence dating from the sexual revolution during the 1970s to the present day.
Since the advent of the Internet, pornographic consumption has skyrocketed to astonishing levels. Pornhub, the largest free porn website on the network, received more than 42 billion visits during the year 2019, which is equivalent to the impressive 115 million visits a day. Within the statistics of the site, it was revealed that amateur videos top the list of user preferences and that 32% of people who access the website are women – increasing by 3% compared to the previous year.
Does more internet mean more porn in Cuba?
– Pornography and erotic representations date back to the oldest times of humanity. Since the Paleolithic era, primitive tribes had already established a totemic cult centered towards procreation, the womb and the phallic cult.
Based on these ancient cults, it is assumed that paleolithic figures of Venus, such as the Willendorf Venus, evoked human admiration for the genitals, motherhood, fertility and eroticism, through breasts and buttocks of exaggerated proportions – with a possible intention to represent pornography.
In Indian culture, especially within philosophies such as that of the Tantra, it was understood that sex was a part of human divinity and at times represented a path towards spiritual enlightenment. The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana (400-200 BC) is the epitome of sexuality in Ancient India.
The classical societies of Ancient Greece and the Ancient Roman Empire adopted human sexuality as the basis of artistic expression. The representation of sexual scenes was common in these civilizations; one example being the details in the frescoes of the suburban baths of Pompeii, where scenes with sexually explicit acts are appreciated – including the representations of group sex, homosexual and oral sex.
The modern concept of pornography is defined by the massive commercialization of erotic material, thus abandoning its artistic character and increasing its distribution via mass production, thereby gaining a greater presence dating from the sexual revolution during the 1970s to the present day.
Since the advent of the Internet, pornographic consumption has skyrocketed to astonishing levels. Pornhub, the largest free porn website on the network, received more than 42 billion visits during the year 2019, which is equivalent to the impressive 115 million visits a day. Within the statistics of the site, it was revealed that amateur videos top the list of user preferences and that 32% of people who access the website are women – increasing by 3% compared to the previous year.
Does more internet mean more porn in Cuba?
In Cuba, the increase in internet access has meant a parallel increase in the consumption of pornography. It still remains far from topping the list of countries with the highest data traffic within the statistics of the Pornhub platform.
However, reports from the site itself, reveal that the increase in Cuba’s participation in the web during the last 5 years has been overwhelming; appearing as one of the leaders in internet surfing growth from cell phones – according to data from 2016. The increase in mobile traffic to Pornhub amongst Cuban users was 310%.
The explanation of this phenomenon became evident since the implementation and increase of Wi-Fi points in the country as of 2013, the reduction in navigation rates in 2015 and the enablement of access through mobile data in December 2018. Therefore, the consumption of pornography in Cuba is under new conditions caused by increased internet access.
To undertake this article, 20 young Cubans were surveyed – aged between 20 and 35 years. 15% confessed to consume online pornography, arguing that the facilities had arisen in the face of greater internet access within recent years. 55% admitted having downloaded pornographic videos from websites such as Bingoporno, Miporno and of course – Pornhub.
What motivates a Cuban to use the Internet to consume porn (at its still relatively expensive price) when the distribution by USBs still works effectively? The possibility of choosing content within greater diversity – was one of the responses of the respondents.
Telegram and its XXX channels
When the cost of Internet browsing is as high as it is in our country, any tool that promises to speed up the process and optimize our search is a treasure. Telegram, the application developed by the Dúrov brothers – launched in 2013, provides the user with a huge amount of multimedia content in the most automatic way possible.
In 2015, the application incorporated the “channels” service. Through this option it is possible to send all types of files on a massive scale; allowing users to subscribe in an open and unlimited way. These channels can be found on the web via a URL – being able to access the entire history of sent messages.
Hundreds of institutions and individuals currently use this route to disseminate their contents, and of course the proliferation of XXX channels was notoriously fruitful.
At the end of the year 2019 there were hundreds of Telegram channels where pornographic content was shared. By subscribing to one of these channels – The Bots – the virtual assistants of Telegram, a board of options is shown with the most diverse sexual content.
In this way, the user can select the variety of his or her preference, and the bot redirects him or her to the videos of that category. This process saves the user considerable navigation time trying to find and select the specific content that they are looking for.
Some of these sites are very active; publishing dozens of daily videos and with several thousand subscribers. There are also channels specializing in home or amateur videos; the category that tops the list of preferences, according to Pornhub statistics.
Of the young people surveyed, 25% admitted to subscribing to an XXX channel on Telegram.
Is pornography morally acceptable?
What is understood as pornography is conditioned by the subjectivities of each person with respect to sex. But the conception is – almost always, of a video or photograph showing sexual intercourse or an explicit sexual act. This explicitness is what the user, spectator, consumer – expects. What the industry has created as an expectation, and what differentiates a pornographic material from an erotic one.
The human being is, in general, highly sensitive to visual stimuli, the inclination to observe sexual scenes is an innate characteristic. The areas of the brain that are activated when watching pornography are the same that are stimulated during sexual intercourse, the brain releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter mainly associated with the anticipation of reward that also acts in the programming of memories and of information in the brain.
This means that when the body wants, for example, food or sex, the brain remembers what it must do to get the same pleasure as on previous occasions. This, combined with the accessibility and anonymity provided by the consumption of porn, makes us extremely sensitive subjects to its hyper stimulant effects.
There are conflicting opinions about the morality of pornography; a sector of society condemns it for its commercial nature and because it can trigger an addictive and therefore harmful vice for the individual.
However, a current train of thought considers it an art form, in order to show the beauty of human sexuality. Some defend this precept by arguing that it is a form of freedom, and that it is fundamental to the evolution of a society free from prejudices and taboos.
All of the 20 young people surveyed, confessed to having accessed pornography, 55% of them being women, thus demonstrating that females, who historically represent a smaller percentage, are also consumers of this industry. However, there are few those who dare to admit it – as they remain subjugated to the social prejudices of yesteryear.
The survey also revealed that 70% had made homemade pornographic videos with their partners, 50% had maintained telephone sex, via instant messaging or video calls, and another 35% admitted that they would like to try this practice. The opinions in general of the young people with whom I had the opportunity to spend time with, were of support and acceptance to the porn industry – 95% of them said that they considered it morally acceptable.
However, all agreed on the danger of excess. The scenes that can be seen in porn, as with addictive substances, are hyper stimulant triggers that produce an unnatural secretion of high levels of dopamine, which can deteriorate the reward system of dopamine and render it useless in the face of a natural pleasure source.
Psychiatrist Norman Doidge explains it this way:
“Pornography satisfies each of the prerequisites for neuroplastic change. When pornographers boast that they are going one step further by introducing new and stronger themes, they forget that they must do so because their clients are developing a tolerance to the usual content.”
The data collected by Pornhub reveals that conventional sex is less and less interesting for consumers, who replace it with themes such as incest or violence. The perpetuation of sexual violence is especially worrisome, as it could directly influence the statistics of violent episodes in real life.
What is the position of the Cuban state in the face of the increase in porn consumption in our country?
The current Law no. 62 of the Criminal Code of Cuba (Art. 303, subsection C), penalizes with a penalty of deprivation of liberty ranging from three months to one year, or a fine of 100 to 300 installments to he who “produces or circulates publications, prints, film tapes or tape, recordings, photographs or other objects that are obscene, with a tendency to pervert and degrade customs. ”
What are those objects? What is considered obscene? What can pervert and degrade customs? Which customs? As much as the State tries to keep Cubans outside of the “obscenities” considered improper in the socialist system, the ports of entry always mocked them. If not, how did Playboy magazines and graphic-erotic novels enter the country? And the “original” movies on VHS, with their covers illustrated in colors?
The USB distribution – copying content on external discs – revolutionized the modalities of audiovisual consumption in Cuba. Thus, resulting in the first channel for the “virilization” of content on the Island. Porn, was not left out.
So how could the government control the consumption of porn over the Internet? What mechanisms does one adopt in restricting access to pornographic content for children and adolescents?
Although many have insisted on showing a “neat” image of Cuba in that sense, the consumption of pornography among adolescents is a reality, even within educational centers. In the surveys carried out, 65% confessed to having consumed pornography before the age of 15, and 15% of them admitted to having started watching porn merely out of curiosity.
The most alarming of these figures is that if we take into account that we are talking about the 90s and the beginning of the 2000s, when the access and distribution of pornography was negligible compared to the current levels, it can be speculated that the percentages are much higher in children and adolescents today.
There is, at least not legally or publicly registered, any mechanism for the Cuban telecommunications company – ETECSA, to regulate the consumption of pornography – especially the consumption among minors.
These mechanisms could be aimed at identifying the mobile devices of children and adolescents to restrict access to this type of material, create alert generation systems before the attempt to access these devices, by sending notifications to parents, encouraging the use of parental control tools.
These actions could be considered duties of the company with respect to consumption via the Internet. The rest would be the responsibility of families and school institutions, although controlling all distribution channels among minors is practically impossible, especially when there are very popular alternative channels in Cuba, such as Zapya, a mobile application for wireless file sharing, or the USB copy.
The scenario demands to modernize the regulations. It is absurd that the production and distribution of pornographic material is penalized or that its exhibition in theaters is censored and its entry intended to be controlled from abroad, when the Internet remains an open and increasingly popular channel in Cuba, as in the rest of the world, for all those activities.
It’s necessary to admit that the consumption of pornography in Cuba is a fact; open your eyes to the reality of what has been going on for decades and that it is gaining more strength in the face of the internet’s rise and access in our country.
Instead of masking the truths and trying to avoid the tarnishing of this false image of ‘the preservers of good manners and morality’, it is imperative to adapt regulations and laws so that they themselves may adapt to the times we are living in, and thus work so that the explosion of multimedia does not foment crime or especially affect children and adolescents – the most vulnerable to all these changes.
May與古巴先生在台南開古巴餐館 2020/3/9
來自古巴的莫里歐今年30歲，6年前認識從台灣到古巴自助旅行的May，但就像電影一樣，第一次見面相處3天，幾個月後再相見，兩人就決定共度一生。沒想到因為這一起「台古聯姻」實在太罕見，為了辦婚姻手續，足足花了超過1年的時間，而婚後莫里歐也來到台灣，跟太太一起經營古巴餐館，充滿加勒比海風情的小餐廳相當受到歡迎。
原文網址: 愛上台灣原鄉！Petr熱愛探索山林中未竟之地 與妻子舉辦多場台灣罕見山區越野馬拉松 | ETtoday生活 | ETtoday新聞雲 https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200309/1659485.htm#ixzz6GAGEVerE
浪漫的氣味 古巴雪茄幻化月相之美2020/03/10 自由日報
浪漫的氣味 古巴雪茄幻化月相之美2020/03/10 自由日報
Zenith以浪漫風格重新演繹歷久彌新的Elite系列月相腕錶，與Habanos合作推出羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄月相限量對錶。價格未定。（Zenith提供）
〔記者方惠宗／台北報導〕瑞士高級製錶商Zenith（真力時）與古巴著名雪茄製造商Habanos（哈伯納斯）共同揭開雙方最新合作的「羅密歐與茱麗葉特別版腕錶」，透過全新情侶對錶彰顯Elite系列的雋永之美，以及「羅密歐與茱麗葉精品雪茄」（Romeo Y Julieta）的迷人魅力，同時紀念羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄品牌成立145週年，全球限量發售145對。
Zenith Elite系列月相腕錶茱麗葉腕錶。（Zenith提供）
成立於1875年的「羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄」是世界上久負盛名的古巴雪茄之一，為Habanos所屬品牌。Zenith今年為Elite系列迎來全新樣式的錶殼與錶盤，首先就以「羅密歐與茱麗葉」迎來見證。「羅密歐」腕錶採40.5毫米直徑精鋼錶殼與深藍色太陽紋錶盤，「茱麗葉」腕錶則選用36毫米直徑精鋼錶殼、搭配紅色漸變錶盤，並於錶圈鑲嵌75顆鑽石。月相顯示亦別具匠心，將羅密歐與茱麗葉雪茄盒上的印記頭像細緻地鐫刻在兩個銀色的月亮上，生動描繪一對愛人在夜幕下對愛情的永恆追逐。錶盤設計上，Zenith不再採用傳統的拱形鏤空顯示月相，而是改用兩個圓形開口，以保持錶盤太陽紋飾的完整。兩者均搭配與錶盤顏色相稱的鱷魚皮錶帶，並將以特製套盒包裝。
Zenith Elite系列羅密歐腕錶。（Zenith提供）
Zenith近年與Habanos旗下品牌有過多次合作，包括2016至2018年與高級煙草品牌Cohiba共同打造紀念腕錶，以及2019年、Trinidad雪茄成立50週年之際，Zenith當時打造3只各限量50只的Trinidad主題錶款，為Habanos的收藏家們帶來驚喜。
牙買加防堵武漢肺炎 要找百名古巴護士幫忙2020/3/14
新聞引據：路透社/撰稿編輯：吳寧康
牙買加總理霍尼斯(Andrew Holness)。(圖：Andrew Holness推特)
牙買加總理霍尼斯(Andrew Holness)13日宣佈，由於冠狀病毒感染的威脅，宣佈牙買加為災區，並且尋求100名古巴護士來協助因應。
霍尼斯在推特發文說，牙買加正竭盡全力試圖遏制這種病毒的擴散，他並將對來自英國的旅客實施旅遊禁令。
俗稱武漢肺炎的COVID-19(2019年冠狀病毒疾病)疫情持續在全球擴散，牙買加截至目前通報了8起確診病例。
牙買加政府最新公佈的對抗疫情措施，包括把這個島國的部份地區列為檢疫隔離區，並且招募退休的醫療專業人員。
古巴「神奇藥品」 攻克肺炎之鑰？2020-03-19 聯合報A12
一月底，中國大陸選擇了卅種藥品，運用於診治COVID-19肺炎的療程。最近，《經濟學人》列出五種業已測試的藥品，指其具有潛力治療該肺炎。在這兩組藥單中，都有古巴的「a2b干擾素」（下稱a2b）。
在大多數發展中國家尚未進入之前，古巴已在一九八一年籌設跨學科的生物專業論壇，僅比舉世第一家生物科技企業（舊金山的Genetech）晚了兩年。當時，適巧兩件事情併發。
一是登革熱在一九八○年底開始零星在古巴中部、西部與東部出現，次年五月官方確認流行，至十月最後病例之前，共有卅四萬四千多人感染，高峰時一日增加一萬一千個病例，前後致死一八○人。二是古巴自己的努力與幸運。一九八一年三月，六位古巴人前往擁有a2b相關技術的芬蘭學習，該國醫師拒絕申請其技術專利，執意開放給古巴人在內的所有人使用。這些古巴人僅在千湖國取經十二日，返國四十五天後，成功自行提煉出a2b，醫學界稱之為「神奇藥品」，不但成功治療，且在廣泛預防接種下，登革熱從此再沒有在島國流行，堪稱加勒比海地區的模範。
登革熱外，a2b的療效在對B與C型肝炎、帶狀皰疹及HIV-AIDS等疾病，也都已經得到肯定。二○○三年中古兩國合資成立長春海伯爾生技公司後，已在二○○八年推出a2b注射液，且很快得到認可，「口碑極高」。 如今，醫界認為a2b對於類似COVID-19的病毒治療，應該有效，可以阻止病情惡化與致死的併發症。
當年的神奇之藥a2b，這次是否能夠再次神奇，還待分曉。不過，除了近鄰牙買加商請古巴來幫忙 ，也有不少拉丁美洲國家如巴拿馬、委內瑞拉、智利等向古巴進口該項產品；甚至，對哈瓦那很不友善、去年等於是驅離古巴醫生的巴西，也因疫情轉惡而要請古巴派遣醫生。更遠的南韓與德國，也都已使用a2b，在其八千多與九千多病患中，死亡人數相對較低，分別是八十四與廿六人。
古巴也派遣一組醫護人員，協同大陸專家前往幫助義大利；英國郵輪布雷默號在吃了多國閉門羹後，最後由古巴接納停靠其港口，有一千多乘客，含四十五位確診或需隔離的人。（郵輪上乘客Steve Dale的推文說，「我們應該記住古巴為我們所做的一切，在這些大英國協國家或保護國沒有一人願意提供任何協助時，古巴伸出了援手。」）（馮建三／政大新聞系教授/台北市）
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